Global mphamvu youma, nthaka pamwamba kutentha kukwera, kuteteza anthu mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe chikumbumtima pang'onopang'ono kulimbikitsidwa, ndi lingaliro la kuteteza mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe LED makampani zikuyenda bwino, padziko lonse lapansi, kotero makampani LED zikuoneka kuti wakhala dziko kuunikira. mafakitale mpulumutsi, dziko maboma ku Ulaya ndi United States pansi pa chisokonezo cha mavuto azachuma ngati anapeza mafakitale, njira yabwino kusintha mlingo wa ntchito, China ndi dziko kukondwerera, maganizo potsiriza anapeza Chris kunja kukongola, mwayi waukulu pangani ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi, ukadaulo wonse, makampani owunikira ali otanganidwa kuyitanitsa ndalama za boma, thandizo, ndalama zothandizira makampani a LED, kudana kwanthawi yayitali kwa kuyatsa kwa LED kuti m'malo mwa ngodya iliyonse ya dziko lapansi, nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kutentha kwapadziko lonse kawiri, makamaka m'munda wa China m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chidani sangakhoze kuperekedwa kwa onse ataunjikidwa mu makampani LED malinga ndi otchedwa 500 biliyoni kapena mathililiyoni madola a "keke lalikulu".
Koma kodi zimenezi zilidi choncho? Tekinoloje yathu yowunikira ya LED yafika usiku umodzi ingasinthe milingo yonse yowunikira? Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane pa mlingo wa dziko ndi mlingo wapakhomo m'munda umenewu ndi zinthu ziti?
A, Europe,
Msika: Chidziwitso cha anthu aku Europe pachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuteteza mphamvu komanso okhwima, kuvomerezedwa kwazinthu zoteteza zachilengedwe ndikokwera kwambiri, ndipo European Union idafunsidwa poyambirira kuti kuchotsedwa kwa nyali ya incandescent yamalamulo ofunikira kwayamba kale, maboma pantchito yogwiritsira ntchito. nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi nyali za LED zayambitsa pulogalamu ya subsidy (yothandizira pamtengo wamtengo wapatali wa 30% ~ 55%), kotero m'munda wa dziko lapansi, msika wa ku Ulaya mu ntchito zowunikira za LED za kutchuka ndi TuiGuangLv ndizokwera, zamakono m'mayiko ena akuluakulu a ku Ulaya ali kale ndi malonda akuluakulu ogulitsa masitolo osakwana 10 w LED babu ndi zinthu nyali, kuyatsa European philips ndi osram kuyatsa chilungamo ku Frankfurt mu 2010 ntchito yaikulu pa mndandanda mankhwala ake, ndipo anayamba kumanga ndi kukwezedwa. za mayendedwe amsika.
Technology: chifukwa mayiko EU pokonza mfundo ogwirizana nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha zofuna zosiyanasiyana ndi poyambira, chifukwa ambiri dongosolo ndi standardize ndi ulesi, ndi European msika kupeza mfundo zogwirizana ndi luso polowera ndi lotayirira, CE kwa olimba-boma kuunikira. ukadaulo wa (SSL) wokonzanso zolembedwazo kuti ukhalebe zambiri pazofunikira zaukadaulo wamagwero achikale, ulibe kusintha kwakukulu.
Bizinesi: monga miyambo yaku Europe yowunikira ma philips ndi osram idayamba zaka 2000 zapitazo kapena idayika kwambiri kafukufuku waukadaulo wowunikira wa LED, kuphatikiza osram mu LED yoyera yokhala ndi zinthu za fulorosenti yakhala ikutsogola, koma osram m'zaka zaposachedwa adagulitsidwa pamsika. The encapsulation wa woyera kuwala mkanda ku Indonesia, m'munda wa ambiri kuyatsa mankhwala Kukwezeleza mitundu kawirikawiri, ndipo makamaka anaikira mkati mpira kuwira nyali ndi nyali gawo kalasi Kukwezeleza; Philips wakhala ubwino, ndi likulu lake m'munda wa ntchito LED choyamba kugula American lumileds kampani ali ubwino luso ndi ziwembu zina, mu luso pachimake ndi setifiketi zokhudzana pambuyo migodi ku China msika ndi kufunafuna mkulu khalidwe foundry mabizinezi kuchita OEM kupanga kwa iye, ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri ndi maoda akuluakulu a OEM ngati nyambo kuti apeze phindu labizinesi.
Kusanthula kwina: philips ndi kukwezedwa kwa osram m'munda wa kuyatsa kwa LED kumayang'ana kwambiri misika yaku Europe ndi America muzaka za 2012 zapitazo, Wolf m'mabizinesi oyambira pogwiritsa ntchito dziko la China pambuyo pa 2012 kulowa mumsika waku Asia, ndi chidziwitso chaku China. gawo laukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito kuti apeze phindu.
Chachiwiri, America
Msika: chifukwa cha zovuta zazachuma, anthu aku America adayamba kuwerengera ndalama zowerengera ndalama zonse, chifukwa mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kuposa kuunikira kwachikhalidwe, zowunikira za LED nthawi zonse zakhala zowolowa manja ku America kukayikira ndikuwona, kotero pamsika waukulu uliwonse ndi sitolo yayikulu sikutha kuwonanso masitolo ogulitsa zowunikira za LED komanso kukwezedwa kwakukulu, nthawi zina zowoneka bwino zimangowona zina mwamagetsi otsika a tochi ndi zinthu zazing'ono zausiku.
Tekinoloje: anthu aku America ndi okhwima kwambiri pankhani yopezera msika, kuphatikiza muyeso wa mphamvu ya nyenyezi, pakuwunikira kolimba kwa UL kukonzedwanso kumapangidwa ndikupangidwa, komanso kutsatiridwa ndi milingo ina yofikira kumayambanso pang'onopang'ono ndikukambirana, pomwe Zida zopangira ma LED ndi Europe ndi United States kupanga kampani ya chip kukhala yotchuka, yayikulu nthawi yomweyo idagwa pamsika wa ogula padziko lapansi, koma chifukwa cha chindapusa cha UL certification chindapusa komanso chovuta, msika wowunikira wa LED ku North. Msika waku America womwe udayamba kuyerekeza udzakhala pambuyo pa 2012.
Enterprise: mu United States CREE, lumileds, makampani monga bridgELux LED gulu la mabizinesi LED Chip kupanga mwamphamvu kumvetsa pachimake luso la LED Chip wopusa padziko lonse lapansi LED luso wakhala kwathunthu akhoza m'malo kuyatsa chikhalidwe, fakitale ya dziko - China, kuti tiyambe ntchito kufufuza zinthu ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga, tifunika katundu wanu, US msika dzanja lawo mpaka oposa 70% ya phindu malire traction pakati ndi m'munsi mwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito bungwe kugula katundu wawo. , Komano, kutsogolera bungwe bungwe kapena mgwirizano ntchito ngakhale awo sangathe kukumana mankhwala muyezo luso, makampani kupanga ku China monga umisiri wachinyamata kutsimikizira pansi.
Kusanthula kwina: Achimereka m'munda waukadaulo wa LED ngati wachiwiri, koma kukwezedwa kwamabizinesi aku America ndikwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, nakamura waku kampani ya CREE adayika awiriwa kuchokera ku Japan kupita ku United States atha kuwona akutuluka, aku America ngati nyalugwe wanjala, mu makampani LED, iye sadzasiya khama ntchito mphamvu zawo ndi utsogoleri msika mwamphamvu kulamulira unyolo mafakitale a ulalo mkulu-mapeto, ntchito akathyole otchedwa ambiri a $500 biliyoni msika keke.
Atatu, Asia, Japan, South Korea ndi Taiwan
Msika: Ukadaulo wowala kwambiri wa LED wa blu-ray udapangidwa ndi anthu aku Japan m'zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu, kotero anthu aku Japan omwe amawunikira zowunikira za LED ali ndi chidwi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kotero msika waku Japan wothandizira ntchito za LED ndi waukulu kwambiri, wokhala ndi mphamvu. mfundo za LED mankhwala m'zaka zaposachedwapa, dongosolo boma, LED katundu mu Japanese msika malonda kukula kwakhala patsogolo pa mayiko ena; Kwa madera aku South Korea ndi Taiwan omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wokhwima wa semiconductor ndiukadaulo wa r&d, pakadali pano 70% yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga zida zapamwamba za LED imachitika m'derali, ngakhale Japan, nzika, osram, American bridgelux, pafupifupi ambiri aiwo. ndi OEM kupanga ku Taiwan.
Technology: mpaka pano akadali Japan ali apamwamba kwambiri kuwala LED luso kupanga, ndi pamwamba kalasi phosphor luso ntchito ma CD, koma chifukwa cha kutsekereza Japanese luso, Chinese anthu kupeza nthawi zonse munthu wina ErSanLiu matekinoloje ndi mankhwala, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matekinolojewa kuti apange zinthu nthawi zonse kuti ayang'ane ndi chiwopsezo cha kuphwanya patent kwa wina. Pomwe boma la South Korea likuthandizira mphamvu zake zonse mwachangu kugula makampani apadziko lonse lapansi monga samsung ndi LG backlit tchipisi ta LED, chip chopangidwa ndi anthu chatha kapena kukwera mtengo.
Enterprise: mu luso LED kuchokera kumtunda kwa encapsulate ndi ntchito ogwira anganene Japanese, Korea, Taiwan ndi imodzi mwa mabizinezi lalikulu kwambiri, okha Japanese mu Japan, Toyota, mitsubishi mankhwala makampani LED ndi mabizinezi ndi Chip choyamba kalasi, ukadaulo wa phosphor ndi kuwala kwazinthu, nzika yaku Japan, yakuthwa, Samsung, LG idawerengera zinthu zonyamula katundu monga msika wamapeto, pomwe Taiwan wafer, kuwala, makampani ambiri monga mphamvu, lite-on adakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la OEM.
Kusanthula kwina: Japan ndi South Korea ali ndi maziko abwino aukadaulo ndi mphamvu ya boma kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito msika, wosweka LED keke, adzakhala ngati gulu la nkhandwe, kutsatira mosamalitsa mayendedwe a phindu la magawo amakampani apamwamba. mapeto, anaponya ErSanLiu mankhwala ndi luso mu msika Chinese, China akufuna kuba? Chiyerekezo chovuta ndi chachikulu.
Chachinayi, mndandanda wamakampani ku China
Pakalipano, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zotetezera mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya usanafike 2007 ndi pambuyo pake, boma la China lakhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira makampani a LED. Tsopano ndi kukula kwa kukula kapena watsala pang'ono kukhala chapamwamba m'ma osiyanasiyana Chip opanga ndi oposa 30, ndi m'ma osiyanasiyana encapsulation mankhwala monga gulu lalikulu la ogwira ntchito makamaka mu ngale mtsinje delta ndi Yangtze mtsinje delta dera, kupanga kwake. ndi 60% ya zomwe dziko lonse lapansi limatulutsa, zopangira zogwiritsira ntchito kumunsi kwa mtsinje ndizokulirapo, ndikuyerekeza kuyika kwa LED ndikugwiritsa ntchito, mabizinesi akulu ndi ang'onoang'ono m'dera la Shenzhen akufikira pafupifupi 3000.
Ndi kusocheretsanso mfundo za boma, kukwezeleza ndalama kumayiko akutukuka komanso kubweretsa ndalama zoyambira ma coxcombical ethos, mabizinesi akuluakulu aboma, makampani olembetsedwa, likulu lazamalonda, ndikukhala ndi ndalama kwa abwana, makampani a LED akuwonetsa kupusa, mafunde amtsogolo. champhamvu chilimbikitso ndi chidwi makampani ndi chidwi pang'ono otchedwa "wamkulu" kukhazikitsa dziko lonse, ndipo ngakhale dziko lonse la photovoltaic paki mafakitale m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi osachepera ambiri monga 50, ndi chiyani, ngakhale ena. zigawo zitatu za 4 ndi mizinda zimati zimamanga malo akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi a photovoltaic industry.
Patapita zaka zisanu, sitikudziwa izi otchedwa "yaikulu" ogwira ntchito tsogolo, nkhawa zotsatira za kuthamangira izi ndi utomoni mtanda munda. Mpikisano wamtengo wapatali, pamapeto pake ukhoza kukhala munthu wamkulu, zakuthupi, osati mapeto a zowonongeka za chuma, dziko ndi omwazikana mu chipwirikiti, ndipo potsiriza kuchokera wopambana nkhondo mu magazi mosavuta litenge ndi mayiko kuunikira chimphona. kapena likulu mayiko, LED makampani mapeto akuchitira ena JiaYiChang zidakali kuoneka.
Tengani tawuni ya zhongshan guzhen, mwachitsanzo: ngakhale kugwa kwavuto lazachuma padziko lonse la 2008 kudadzetsa ubatizo wa guzhen, koma chifukwa cha msika wotsika kwambiri wa ogula ku China, tawuni ya zhongshan guzhen ikadali yoyaka moto pakadali pano, mayendedwe akutsatsa osataya kukhudza kwake. Monga makampani kuunikira LED, tawuni zikuoneka kuti analowetsa mu chitukuko chachikulu cha "kasupe", boma m'deralo zolakalaka ndi zosiyanasiyana dziko semiconductor bungwe msonkhano ndi mgwirizano, chiyembekezo mothandizidwa ndi semiconductor kuyatsa dongfeng kulenga lonse LED kuunikira. msika ndi mabizinesi agglomeration.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, pakali pano m'tawuni yakale, mawu odziwika bwino otchedwa "palibe bwino (mtundu), mtengo wotsika kwambiri ()". "Kulephera kuwonekera chifukwa cha zinthu zokhudzana dziko za mfundo ogwirizana ndi okhwima msika kupeza ndi kuyang'anira dongosolo, mu zikuwoneka chaoyang LED makampani sanayambe, anali anaika makampani odetsedwa, zopangidwa zopangidwa, ntchito ndi wosakhazikika, chifukwa kwambiri. maganizo oipa mu ogula maganizo, kwa iwo amene akufuna kwenikweni kupanga mankhwala wangwiro, amaumirira luso, makampani khalidwe akulimbana kuti apulumuke.
Kusanthula kwina: China LED mabizinesi tsopano monga kuthengo amadya kuzembetsa gulu la nkhosa pa udzu, nthawizonse amaganiza udzu ndi wokwanira waukulu, akhoza kudya zimene mumachita, koma mpikisano wachisokonezo kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji? Pambuyo zowawa nkhondo wina ndi mzake ndi chifukwa cha mpesa chifukwa kapena pambuyo movutikira kukula mayiko kuunikira zimphona mu dzina la mgwirizano kapena kugula pang'onopang'ono.
Ngwazi, timatcha mafakitale akulakalaka "chozizwitsa", koma maloto ayenera kumangidwa pa okhazikika kuchita bwino pa khalidwe mankhwala ndi kulabadira maphunziro ogwira ntchito, ziribe kanthu kupita kumene, musayende kampani kuzindikira mtundu si yaitali. nthawi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-10-2016